As machine interfaces evolve, traditional design guidance does not always provide sufficient insight into how operators perceive and interact with displays in real-world conditions. This presentation will showcase research methods developed to evaluate display readability and touchscreen usability. These methods objectively measure legibility and touch target accuracy. Drawing on recent research within complex vehicle and equipment environments, this session will highlight how these methods generate actionable data to support design decisions. Attendees will gain practical insights into creating more effective, efficient and user-centered display interfaces through evidence-based evaluation techniques.