Off-road machinery is very diverse in size, application and usage requirements. To evaluate efficient and affordable powertrain technology choices, Argonne has developed the simulation capabilities. In this work, a variety of advanced powertrains are evaluated on a medium-sized wheel loader. The modeled powertrains include a conventional diesel internal combustion engine, a hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2 ICE) hybrid powertrain, a fuel cell hybrid powertrain, and a battery electric power system. The components were sized for all powertrains to ensure comparable performance with the diesel baseline. A representative duty cycle was generated to simulate operating performance and energy efficiency. The simulation results quantify the challenges in vehicle weight, cost, uptime, onboard energy storage needs, etc. The results indicate that an H2 ICE hybrid wheel loader has potential as a transitional alternative solution in the construction sector, if we can overcome the challenges in fuel availability and cost. This powertrain combines the reliability and robust performance of conventional engine-based drivetrains with the efficiency benefits of hybridization.